Zig Ziglar’s Over The Top Essay Example for Free

zigzag Ziglars Over The Top EssayIn his book, Over the Top Zig Ziglar reminds us that we are capable of moving from the level of basic survival to exceeding our goals. Regardless of where we begin in life, and no matter how our lives are proper(a) now, we each have the power to do something to change the situation. He directs us to make the choice to take actions that will change our lives for the better. I enjoyed reading this book. It has something to aim to everyone. I believe it should be required reading for all college students. Zig Ziglar teaches people to take responsibility for their lives instead of making excuses.He does refer to idol and make references to the bible, but you dont need to be a Christian, have a religion or even believe in theology to benefit from reading this book. It is filled with practical principles useful in everyday life for everyday people. In terms of education, the book provides an abundance of information that could feign the way educat ional administrators manage our schools, as well as shape the knowledge of educators. For example, the book discusses the premise that when we help other people get what they lack this helps us to get to the top and beyond.What does this mean in terms of education? Well, if the principals and administrators in charge would help the teachers get what they want it would probably improve the boilers suit academic environment. When administrators are effective leaders, and give guidance and supervise with more(prenominal) of an authoritative approach as opposed to an authoritarian approach, it would lead to more verificatory results. According to Ziglar, authoritarian people simply say that you must do something because they say so.An authoritative person would explain the reason why a indisputable decision was made and why it is best to move in that direction. Thus, an authoritative principal treats his or her faculty members with approve, and authoritative teachers, likewise, tr eat their students with respect. Moreover all of us perform better and more willingly when we know why were doing what we have been told or asked to do, (p. 77). This applies equally to children as it does to adults. The book also points out the grandeur of existence dedicated and feeling positive pride.There are a lot of administrators and teachers dedicated to the field of education. However, society in general seems to lack respect for educators teachers are often blamed for many social problems such as the deviant behavior and poor academic ability of todays puppylike people, while parents and society at large are assigned little responsibility for these problems. Over the Top will actually help teachers feel more pride in being teachers. They will know that they can make a positive difference in the lives of their students.The book will motivate them to round goals both inside and outside the classrooms and take the steps necessary to accomplish those goals. They will be co mmitted to being excellent teachers regardless of the financial hire because they will know that eventually they will be rewarded. Being rich alone does not equal success. Zig Ziglar informs readers that being successful, and over the top includes being happy, healthy, reasonably prosperous, and secure, to have friends, peace of mind, good family relationships, and hope, (p. ).We are reminded to keep a positive attitude, to work towards improving our weaknesses, to view personal growth as a lifetime commitment, and to be willing to change. Havent you heard that to be insane is to repeatedly do the same thing and respect different results? interchange leads to progress. Zig Ziglar provides the perfect instructional manual for changing our lives for the better. Over the top is interesting, inspirational and will make a difference in the lives of those fortunate adequate to read it.

Nursing Theorist Grid Essay Example for Free

Nursing Theorist Grid EssayMadeleine Leiningers theory is call The possible action of Culture bearing Diversity and Universality. Because Leininger had degrees in nursing and anthropology, her theory had a combination of derivatives of both disciplines (Bibb, 2006). While working as a nurse in the 1950s, Leininger became disturbed by nurses who could not understand nor lever the culture variations. She then set out to bridge the knowledge gap between nursing and cultures.Leininger became the empowerment on cultural diversity in health sustainment. The key points of her theory include honoring a state of holistic well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and practical. Cultures include technology, religion, philosophy, kinships, socioeconomics, politics, and education. full termDefinitionApplied to Nursing PracticeApplied to Nursing EducationApplied to Nursing ResearchPersonCulture-dependent and holistic and sometimes includes families, groups, and communities Nurses can establish individualized care plans and care by respecting and honoring the diversity of the patients. Nurses are continually educated on transcultural nursing. In nursing school and in the workplace, cultural diversity is taught. Continued research to increase the knowledge of the nurses to assess the person in diverse cultures.HealthA state of well-being that is culturally defined, valued, and practiced After appropriate nursing education has been done, nurses have to assess and respect the individuals decisions on health. Everyone will not accept jackpot cessation and weight loss as a part of health. As we learn cultural healthpreferences, it is imperative that nurses pass this information on to early(a) nurses. Employee in-services are important to pass on these diversities. Continued research to increase the knowledge of the nurses to assess the idea of health in different cultures.NursingA transcultural, humanistic, and scientific care discipline and profession with the c entral purpose to serve humans worldwide Care is still essential in the nursing process. Care is now individualized and culturally congruent by respecting preferences of diverse cultures. We continue to learn through formal education and staff development how to care for persons of different cultures. We honor the research on different groups. This is also used to educate nurses on cultural diversity.EnvironmentA combination of physical, ecological, socioeconomical, and cultural settings. We learn to respect a persons space even if it is very different from what we are accustomed to. Especially important in home health settings. Be careful of facial grimaces and nonverbal actions. Important to learn and teach others that our impression of a livable and decent environment are not the same as others. Research empowers and teaches nurses how to respect and interact in the patients personal environment. From the old adage, When in Rome, do what the Romans do. Research helps to dissect w hat the Romans actually do.Bibb, S. C. G. (2006). Leiningers theory of culture care diversity and universality. New York Springer Publishing Company.

Risk Management in Healthcare

Risk Management in Healthc beIntroductionRisk is anything that involves danger. Risk buns be physical, emotional, health, or financial wealth. Life is full of take chancess and we wholly take lay on the line in our lives in order to move forward. Risk can be big or small and can be taken intentionally or unintentionally. Riskassessmentrefers to the process by which the short and long-term adverse consequences to individuals or groups in a particular area resulting from the use of specific technology, chemical substance, or natural hazard are determined (Batterman, 2013). An example of intentional risk would be doing your assignment but not bonking that you leave alone pass it or not and an example of unintentional risk is not doing the assignment because you did not know you had superstar. So in order to manage risk it is actually important to get down some kind of plan in place with can centralise the number of any future risk, this is known as risk oversight. Therefore risk focal point is identification, assessment and prioritization of risks. There are ii major ERM programmes (ISO 31000 OR COSO) which could be used by any plaque as a guideline to reduce risk. In this assignment I have used ISO 31000 because it is the most-latest one and easy to understand.Question oneRisk management should be well organized in the enterprise for this to happen the risk manager needs to have out the objectives of the organization in order to irritate a proper plan. This can be done by talking with the owner or early(a) stave members of the facility. For example one of the most important priorities for any health set asider is the health and safety device of its clients and workers. It is crucial to have friendly and safe surroundings for the employees. This can be done by doing regular health and safety audits and teaching the staff and the residents about the health and safety. This as a result ordain decrease the percentage of accidents that happen at work and make it safer both for clients and workers.This can lead to exposure to lose as they have to put more than money and labour into teaching the staff about health and safety. This can also result in loss of life or a expert injury. For example there can be an injury at the work place if the clients are not transferred from bed to the couch using a hoist. use a hoist can be more safe, time efficient and as a result will decrease the number of causalities at work. equivalent this there can be various early(a) risks at the hospital so it is the duty of the risk manager to prioritize the highly likely and to the lowest degree likely risk for the enterprise and make the plan accordingly. For example hygiene is very important for the hospital, so it is important for the residents to have shower regularly. This risk cannot be tolerated as it will prevent spreading of diseases and cross contamination. This is one of the essential split of hospital so risk manager should follow this first.Question twoThe model that I have used for this assignment is IOS-31000 to identify the high risk to health care business.It was introduced in 2009. It is a code of conduct which is followed by the organization to provide standardized care to the clients. This can be used by any organization regardless of its dimension, action and segment. This can help the organization to increase the chances of improving their techniques, achieving objectives, allocate and use resources. It also provides guidelines for both internal and external programs. This organization can also compare and contrast their risk management policies with an internationally recognized benchmark therefore providing good principles for effective and corporate governance. ISO31000can be applied to any type of riskwith a few provisos. Firstly, the new interpretation of risk is the effect of uncertainty on objectives. The notes to the definition include Objectives can have different aspects, such as financia l, health and safety, and environmental goals, and can confine at different levels such as strategic, organisation-wide, project, product, and process. Thus, an organisation must set objectives that are relevant to its risk profile (Peace, 2009).There are also other related standards some of them are IEC 31010 and COSO. A risk management technique focuses on risk management. Risk management also helps the organization to understand the risks and make the decisions accordingly so it could effectively meet the objectives. IEC 31010 2009 also focuses on risk assessment concepts and selection of risk assessment techniques.Question threeRisk management process contains five different processes which are firstly identify the hazard, secondly decide who might be harmed and how, thirdly evaluate the risks and decide on safety measure, fourthly record your finding and implement them and finally review your assessment and update if necessary (Five steps of risk assessment ).In identifying th e hazard the risk manager should be able to identify the risks that are most likely to happen in the hospital. The two ways to identify risk are retroactive and prospective risk.Retrospective risks are the incidents that previously occurred, so they are easy to identify. This can be done by reviewing audit reports, costumer complaints. Prospective risks are those that have not happened before but might happen in the future. As compare to retrospective risk this is harder to identify. This can be done by brainstorming, researching and reviewing system designs. This can also be done by talking with the staff members or looking at the documentation of the hazards and make the plan accordingly. For examples if falls is one of the major cause of injury in the hospital then there should be a proper plan in place. This can be done by using wet floor sign, making sure floor is dry at all times and assisting the residents when going to the toilet and provide training if necessary to the st aff.Secondly the risk manager needs to decide who might be harmed and how. This will help him to know which risk has greater regard than another. The three categories to determine risk levels are qualitative, semi-quantitative and quantitative.Qualitative refers to the images based on some based on some characteristics rather than quantity. It is the most effective manner of analyzing risk. Semi-qualitative test is one that doesnt give you the absolute amount of analyses in a sample. Lastly quantitative is based on mathematical or numerical numbers racket and quantity rather than the characteristics. For example it does not mean differentiating everyone by their names, but identifying group of people. If you share your workplace, you will need to know your work affects other staff members or members of public and therefore identifying how they might be harmed.In the third process of risk assessment the risk is evaluated and safety measures are taken. The risk valuation involves m easuring and comparing level of risks found during analysis process. Once risk has been identified it is the duty of risk manager to decide what to do about them. He has to be lawful and do everything reasonably practicable to protect people from harm. For example there is an contagion breakthrough in the facility. It is the risk managers duty to make sure all the residents and works get immunized, all the clothes and bed sheets are cleaned properly and make sure everyone is safe from the infection and how can they prevent it in future. This can be prevented by using hand sanitizers, washing hands regularly, wearing gloves and using other precautions when necessary.Fourthly save and implementing the findings. It is about treating the risk that we not acceptable in the previous process of risk assessment. This step is used to either eliminate or reduce the effect of the risk. Monitoring and reviewing is a very essential step of the risk management process which will result in positi ve outcomes for the hospital. Risk needs to be monitored regularly so that new risks are captured in the process and are effectively managed.For example risk assessment does not need to be arrant(a) but it must be suitable and sufficient. A proper check must be made you need to ask who might be modify you dealt with all the other significant hazards, also took into account the number of people who could be involved the safety measures are reasonable, and the remaining risk is low and you have also involved your staff or their representatives in the process.Lastly review the assessment and update if necessary. At work sooner or later, there will be new equipments and procedures that could lead to new hazards, so it makes very much sense to review them. Therefore all the risk management assessment parts are related to monitor and review. For example there is a new hoist at work which is more effective and fast but the workers do not quite know how to use it. So it is the duty of the risk manager to put a plan in place and teach all the workers how to use it and review it regularly. This as a result will prevent any future miss-happenings and make work more safe and efficient.ConclusionThis concludes that it is very important for the organization big or small to have risk management program and team in place to minimize the risk and for the weaken growth of the business. It can save lives and money and can be extremely profitable for the enterprise and safe for the employs.Referenceshttp//www.broadleaf.co.nz/graphos/iso31000/iso1.gifBatterman, S. (2013). Defination. Risk Assessment , 653-655.Five steps of risk assessment . (n.d.). Retrieved April 24, 2014, from Health and Safety Executive http//www.hse.gov.uk/risk/fivesteps.htmPeace, C. (2009). ISO 31000. Standard and Deliver , 44-47.

Development Of A Web Based Payroll System Computer Science Essay

Development Of A Web Based acceptroll department System data changeor Science EssaySaving metre considered to be a leading topic in this modern world where people try to get their subject argona done in a least amount of time. Therefore time spent on simple things in day to day life make easier as entanglement-online has conquered that place. With that intension this payroll department dodging has been developed to organizations where small fall apartes obscure. Developing such web based payroll organization may facilitate the growth of attention to paying wages for employees. non only those employees get out be able to print their payslips online with no hassle besides as well they allow for be able to view their attgoalance flesh out in their payslip which would be an added feature compared to other systems.To develop the in a higher place said web application a interrogation took place in determination which tools has to be utilize, how the system piss, ho w many an(prenominal) a(prenominal) users should be involved, how it benefits the company and employees and how the taxations land. Therefore for the payroll web application php, mysql and apache has been used rivalingly in programming, database and web horde which comes in a package as wamp for windows. In supporting the above chosen wamp legion umlet, dreamweaver, css styles, java script used correspond to drawing uml diagrams, php codings, interface designs and codings. Further in calculating taxes, current tax code and percentages of taxes been used harmonize to current put of HMRC revenue. Hence, the current system of payroll in organizations has also been observed in concluding the whole process of payroll with the taxations.Payroll system is generally forthcoming and could be accessed multiply. An iterative and incremental approach applied throughout developing the payroll system where a piece of coding is tested as it went along with the study. This was useful in fi nding particular errors affected towards the system and not only that it helped to correct them but also it helped to step forward and trying virgin feeds towards the goal. As php codes takes a study role in this payroll system, validations of functionalities based on it has been quite tricky and useful towards improving knowledge of php and the system.Table of ContentsChapter 1. Introduction 4Chapter 2. Aims Objectives 4Chapter 3. Prior research 5Chapter 4. Literature Review 8Chapter 5. Software Requirements 10Chapter 6. WAMP server 11Chapter 7. Design of the payroll system 1316Chapter 8. System architecture 17Chapter 9. Development of Payroll System 1923Problem Log 26List of figures 27References 28App ceaseices 30IntroductionPayroll system is a web application based on lymph gland server and electronic pay technology, which is aimed at developing a system that manages the earnings of calendar monthly wages of employees in an organization. It is supported by a database cons isting of its employees details and their attendance details. According to that end of individually month the earnings is paid to the corresponding bank account of the employee.It also considers employees income tax regulations and NI contributions. Hence it shall deduct the appropriate amount of deductions at their salary if they earn more than 647 per month. Further a payslip could be generated taking the above in to account.The interest technologies have been used in developing the above said application.WAMP serverCSSMacromedia DreamweaverUmletAims ObjectivesThe proposed system would allow the user to do their drill in prototype. Hence, it has many gains compared to a manual system. In manual systems a main problem seems to be is maintaining the heel of records and finding a particular record. Further calculating the final pay after income tax and other deductions would consume a lot of time. But the proposed system is capable of calculating the deductions automatically.S ome of the features of the proposed system are precondition beneathMaintaining the Database for Admin, Employee, attendance etc..attendance tell.Generate payslips.Prior researchFact gathering techniques were used for the following reasons,To identify the problem in a payroll system.To avoid repetition.To complete these tasks following techniques has been used,1. Interviews a basic source of quality cultivation. Allows gathering nurture from an existing system where an administrator or manager could be the user. It facilitates to discover areas of misunderstandings, indication of resistance to the proposed system. An interview could be a structured or an unstructured in this state. In a structured interview questions are standardized and in an unstructured interview questions are worded to suit the respondent that provide the discipline about the areas overlooked or not thought to be alpha. Comparison of the structured and unstructured interviewing are detailed as to a low er place.AdvantagesStructured turn backs uniform show of questions to all respondents.Easy to administer and evaluate.Less interview training required.Result in shorter time.UnstructuredQuestions house be worded to suit the respondent.May produce the information about the areas overlooked or not thought to be important.DisadvantagesStructuredCost of preparation is high. such high level of structure may not always be suitable.Some respondent may resist to such structure.UnstructuredInefficient use of interviewer and respondent time.Results take a longer time. rangeless time required for the collection of essential facts.The success of the interview depends on the skill of the interviewer and his/her preparation for the interview.Analysts must also be aware of the kinds of difficulties at slightly interview, and must know how to deal with the potential problems.Conducting interviews determines qualitative information such as,Activities involved in process of taking the attendance. Activities involved in the process of Payslip generation. limit of existing system.Problems faced by the user in the existing system.2. Record Inspection Analysing facts from documents, examining information which has recorded about the system and users. Examining forms, files about an existing system. Such records may include,Written policy manuals.Rules and regulations.Standard operating procedures used in the Payroll and Attendance SystemForms and documents.A good documentation system provides relationships and action between them. Further would give an idea of the structure activities, procedures and flow of data. But it would not show how each task performed or where the decision making mogul lies. To gather details about the payroll system several kinds of records and reports has been reviewed such as,Standard operating procedureReports generated by an existing system.Document flow (input/output) of the Payroll and Attendance System.Process of Preparing the Payslip.Process of deducting the salary for tax and NI contributions.Types and format of database registers.3. Observation could bring missed facts, duplicate work done unintentionally. Its not the standard of time observed is important but the unusual angles of observation of the work content and methods would be more useful.Observation may focus on,Operational inefficiencies. baste routes and procedures.Interruptions in the normal flow of work.The usage of files and documents.Informal communication channels, etc.On site observation provides a close view of the working unfeigned system, objects, documents and occurrences of events.Literature ReviewConsidering the research took place towards developing a reinvigorated payroll system the limits of the current system seems to be affecting in many ways not only the admin lag, manager or company but also to the employees concerning their wages and payslips. Check-in attendance to paying wages the whole process seems to be dragging and time consum ing of admin, manager and employees. The attendance check-in system which is currently in operation has to be a double work where firstly the attendance is check up on by paper in a prepared sheet for it and then will be entered to the system later with multiplication when the employees started work and ended work. Therefore the each of employee has to look for his/her name in the registry which is in a paper and sign in/out with time ahead his/her name on it and then the admin staff who enters them in the system has also got to find the names on page in the system to clock him/her in/out. This system seems to be a hassle for the admin where it could be done in one go. So the new-sprung(prenominal) system would take away that business concern from admin where he/she could do it one click per staff. When an employee logs in fair now a click in front of his name would clock him in and the time of work started will be recorded automatically. Like wise the when the employee finishes work clocked out time will be recorded and the attendance counts towards his pay.In the above grapheme another popular scenario could be when an employee begins work at a late time, admin has to deduct the pay hours or pay corresponding to that. But because the times of clock-in will be entered to the system automatically there wont be any need of altering the timings of employees. Therefore again it facilitates the work of admin staff. Moving on with the attendance to the wages of employees, some of the companies account departments are outsourced simultaneously some others got their own accountants. So in transferring wages to employee bank accounts and for tax deductions account departments are involved and the attendance checked by admin staff will be forwarded to the appropriate account department. Account department uses the national rate of taxes for employee earnings accord to HM Revenue Customs and the relevant amount of taxes will be deducted depending on employees ear ning. Even in this scenario it is another point where human resources could be saved as software applications could be used which would process the attendance to final pay after calculating taxes. Therefore it is another advantage to be seen in the new payroll system.Not only that, chances of making mistakes in entering the attendances or pay to the system could be avoided in the new payroll system. Hence, the new payroll system shall lead towards paying wages to the employees. subsequently making payments to employees keeping records of paid amounts and record of due amounts also seem to be an additional point when comparing against the previous systems where paid records kept at account departments. Therefore possibilities of misconception have been avoided between employees and management by having these records as proof. look at the employee payslips in the previous system it had to be sent by a separate department to the employees by post. But in the new payroll system, paysli ps made available online to employees where there wont be any need to wait for payslips to arrive. Retail giant Tesco reveals in The one (june) as below,Driven by security and environmental issues, the move to online notification of pay is set to take place this summer, saving postage and paper on up to 4.7million payslips a year.Further rather than just being a payslip provided in the new payroll system it also has the feature of displaying the attendance according to which the salary is paid. And also it is available to print in addition to viewing. Plus an employee will be able to view and print the salary sheets of the previous months too which has been another outstanding step in the new system. Even though it could be a large page of salary sheet due to displaying all the attendances, it is concerned as fact of giving the straight information stored to the employees and this would build up confidence and trust towards the company.Software RequirementsFunctional RequirementsAd min In this module admin is provided with many services such as Add new employee, Update employee details, Mark in/out attendance, Update salary Details, view/print salary slips, payment to employees.Employee In this module employee is provided with the services such as View earnings, View deductions, View and print salary slip.Non-Functional RequirementsSystem can endure even though many number of users requested the desired service.By incorporating a robust and proven database, reliable performance and integrity of data is ensured. There must be a power backup for server system.Ensure sensitive data is protected from unwanted access by users and implementing appropriate technology to strict user- access criteria.WAMP serverWAMP is an open source collaborated web development kit which contains all the ingredients such as Apache, PHP and the MySQL database you need to develop and create web applications It also comes with an inbuilt phpMyAdmin page which allows you to easily manage your databases.Further it is a solution kit that will allow you to reproduce your production server. One important aspect of the WAMP server is that once it is instaled and is in play, the manager has the freedom to install as many latest releases of Apache, MySql or PHP.Functionalities of the WAMPFunctions are very easy and less complicated they are straightforward and can be viewed by just a click which will enable you to Manage Apache and MySQL servicesSwitch online/offline (give access to everyone or only localhost)Install and switch Apache, MySQL and PHP releasesManage server settings rile logsAccess settings filesCreate aliasWhy an open source has been usedThey are free Totally free and available to the general public. Software developers and programmers can use them in improving their existing software or create new programs. Doesnt require a license or sales fee.They are cross-platform and technology-neutral. Programs are usable virtual(prenominal)ly by everyone as ensure d by the open source community. Open source programs are not dependant on any someone technology or style and they are technology-neutral. It shall meet the criteria as long as it runs on more than one operating system.They must not restrain other software gives software developers the maximum control and flexibility.They embrace diversity open source programs cannot discriminate against any person or group of persons.Looking more into features of the above used,Apache 2.2.6As its main job it parses files requested by a browser and display results according to the code. It is powerful and could achieve any virtual task that required.Authentication/authorization make simpler certain authentication configurations.Caching considering production quality.Configurations made simpler and modularised.Proxying load balancing provided.Large file support support files large than 2GB.PHP 5.2.5Stands for Hypertext Pre-processor and is a server-side scripting language which allows a web site to be keep alive.Controls memory consumption between requests.Improved speed of arrays.MySQL 5.0.45MySQL is a structured query language server which has been designed to process complex queries and for heavy loads. It enables PHP and Apache to work together to access and display data in a browser. For maximum efficiency and speed it allows many tables to join together as a relational database.Cursors server-side cursors supported.Triggers triggers supported.Views updatable, named views supported.Design of the payroll systemPayroll system is designed for a small organization/branch/department where there would be less employees compared to a large number of employees payroll system. Admin and employee are the 2 main users of the system. Considering the system as a whole, the following steps have been taken in process of functionality.Add new employee personal details of the new employee would be added with a pay rate per hour. bring down employee details capacity of updati ng employee detailsDelete employee delete an employee when an employee is no more with the organisationClock in/out marking the attendance according to which an attendance report would be printed and be paid to the employee.Attendance report to view/print attendance report.Salary sheet 1st of every month employees will get paid according to the hours worked and the salary sheet would include worked hours, hourly pay, NI contributions, income tax and net salary. The salary sheet could be printed/viewed. pay payment is made according to the net salary of the employee. A record would be kept on payment details date, time, employee id and amount.Class diagram below shows the structure of the system with its classes, attributes and the relationships between the classes.CLASS DIAGRAMglass Relate to the design of the system as said above there are two users who get access to the payroll such as admin and employee. habit case diagram below presents a graphical overview of the function alities of the payroll system in foothold of actors, goals and their dependencies between use cases. It shall show what system functions are performed by admin and employee.USE CASE DIAGRAMSystem architecturePayroll system is a web based application created exploitation three tier architecture and an iterative, incremental approach to design used in the process of development.Figure 1. three full stops which represents the client-server architectureClient block a client side application which runs on an operating systems graphical user interface. Passes the challenges to the middleware block and it handles the non-local services. Client also runs a component part of the distributed system management which could be a simple negotiator to an entire front end application on a managed station.Server block a server side application which runs on top of a shrink-wrapped server software package. Server side depends on the operating system to interface with the middleware block which brings the requests. Server also runs a distributed system management which could be a simple negotiator on a managed PC to an entire back end application.Middleware block runs both on the client and the server side of an application. Likewise the above middleware also has a distributed system management component.As Orfali et al(1999)states in stock to using other form of distributed software client server architecture inherits the following characteristics,Service client is a consumer of service and the server is a provider of service. Therefore, client-server provides a clean division of function based service.Shared resources server could provide service to many clients same time and regulate access to shared resources.Asymmetrical protocols clients always initiate with a request for service and servers wait for requests from clients.Transparency of locationMix and match client/server is independent of computer hardware or operating system software platforms. Able to mix and match between platforms.Message based exchanges message is the delivery mechanism for service requests and replies. Clients and servers interact through message passing mechanism.Encapsulation of services without affecting the clients server can be upgraded as long as the published interface is not changed.Scalability client/server systems could be scaled horizontally or vertically. In horizontal scaling with a slight performance impact client workstations could be added or removed. In vertical scaling, across multiple servers processing loads are distributed or larger and faster machines are migrated.Integrity server code and server data are centrally managed which outcomes in cheaper maintenance and protecting data integrity. Same time clients stay independent and personal.Development of Payroll SystemAs mentioned above admin and employee are the two users of the payroll system. Many users could be added in the database as admin users. Therefore added all admin users shall be privileged to perform admin tasks in fulfilling their needs. A login process for any user involves few components such as,Form of submitting the login informationA validation to confirm the information has been submitted.A database query which compares the submitted information against the stored information.After successful login as an admin staff view of the homepage would look like below,Admin homepageFigure 2. home page of admin staff with quick access icon.As shown above using icons of the homepage or using the tabs on top, corresponding page could be accessed. Further in addition to the tabs an admin could change his/her password using the icon on the homepage which would also update the database according to it. Doing so would give a conformation saying that the update has been successfully completed.Employee page allows admin to add a new employee with employee personal details and also allows updating details of employee.The details of employee would be saved in the dat abase and further an employee attendance details, payments made, payment balance could be viewed. If an employee doesnt exist anymore his/her details will be deleted and this will remove his/her details from the database too.Figure 3. a page which opens to update details of an employee from employee page.Update employee informationAn employee who is entered to the system in the database will automatically be inserted in attendance check-in in the attendance page. Therefore when admin staff does the attendance check employee name will be carryed from the arrow-down attend and it will display below to view which employees has arrived to work. Simultaneously database will be updated in the check-out table with the check-in information of the employee who has been clocked-in. By the time when the corresponding employee finishes his/her work shift, admin would check-out from the drop-down list again. Doing so would remove the check-in information of the employee from the check-out tabl e in database and the attendance information will be entered to the attendance report and the payslip adding to his/her worked hours towards the final pay.Attendancecheck-in/check-outFigure 4. attendance check-in and out for employees by admin.Therefore admin staffs are able to view an attendance report of an employee in the employee page where it is referred to an employee. Not only that, the details of attendance will also be displayed in the payslips where could printed from the salary sheet page. In the salary page an admin staff can select the employee name which ever she/he wants to print the payslip of. Further after selecting the employees name, again admin is capable of selecting which months payslip she/he wants to print. Doing so would open a page and enables to print it according to which was selected by admin.Considering the deductions of taxes which are income tax and NI contributions, when the pay is calculated end of each month automatically the above taxes would be deducted in a rate 15% for income tax and 9% for NI contributions. Therefore the final net pay would be calculated automatically as the salary for each employee. An important factor here involved in deductions is, inclusion of a tax code to the pay. At a national rate of 647 which reveals that up to a pay of 647 per month the above said tax would not be deducted and who ever earns above the rate of 647 will have to pay the above mentioned taxes. Therefore the above said taxes will automatically be deducted when an employee earns above the tax code.Regarding salary payments to the employees, net pay for each month will be paid end of that month to the employee. In the payments page this could be done and who ever needs to be paid can be selected from the drop down list. When a payment is made to an employee a record will be kept in the database in the payments and also the recent paid payments records will also be displayed below in the payments page. Further if theres a balance due to pay it will record and could be viewed in the employee details. Therefore any remaining payments could be checked straight away and can get rid of under paying, shortages and keeping balance payments to employees. And also because the employee gets payments according to his worked hours there is no fraud involved or alterations cannot be made. In such way this payment could be considered as secure method of paying salaries.Payslip of an employeeFigure 5. Payslip of an employee which records not only the NI contributions and income taxes but also the attendance of an employee.Apart from functions ofpayment and attendance an admin also can change his/ her password from the homepage using change password icon for a given admin username.Finally taking admin privileges as whole, admin takes the responsibility of adding new employee, updating employee details, deleting employee, the attendance system which is checkin-in and out of employees in order to record their attendance towards t heir wages and the payment system which includes paying wages and keeping records of them.Payments page where salary paidFigure 6. Paying wages for employees by an admin staff.In the event of employee user functions each and every employee will have their own passwords assigned by the admin when each employee registers with the payroll system. Doing so will create separate users for employees to access their attendance report and in printing their payslips. Passwords for employee login could only be changed by an admin user in edit employee details. Matching login details with the payroll database would allow the user to access his/her visibility which contents the attendance report and the salary sheet of employee.Figure 7. Homepage of an employee user.Not only the tabs displayed would allow accessing the corresponding page but also the shortcut icons in the homepage would allow doing so. In the attendance page an employee could view his/her attendance so far and will also be able to print it.Likewise in the salary sheet page by selecting the necessary month of salary sheet allows to view and print the corresponding salary sheet.Figure 8. months of the salary sheets given to choose from.Figure 9. salary sheet for a chosen month of an employee.Problem LogErrorDateExplanationSolution1.fatal error function name must be a string03-05-10appropriate brackets not usedChange the brackets style2.notice undefined index php03-05-10Post method not defined properly$fname = $_POSTfname3.parser error25-05-10Retrieving method not defined properly per rowwhile($row = mysql_fetch_array( $result ))4. Notice Use of undefined constant id off-key id27-05-10Undefined id with bracketsDefine id with brackets5. Parse error syntax error, unexpected $end01-07-10No ending, missing bracketsInclude appropriate brackets6. logging out to a white page02-07-10Should revert to log-in pageInclude a header7. Parse error syntax error, unexpected T_constant_encapsed_string02-07-10Using invalid sy mbolUse inverted comas appropriately8. parser error03-07-10Unexpected endingPhp headers and appropriate bracketsList of figuresFigure 1. three blocks which represents the client-server architecture 17Figure 2. home page of admin staff with quick access icon. 19Figure 3. a page which opens to update details of an employee from employee page. 20Figure 4. attendance check-in and out for employees by admin. 21Figure 5. Payslip of an employee which records not only the NI contributions and income taxes but also the attendance of an employee. 22Figure 6. Paying wages for employees by an admin staff. 23Figure 7. Homepage of an employee user. 23Figure 8. months of the salary sheets given to choose from. 24Figure 9. salary sheet for a chosen month of an employee. 25Figure 10. Employee table in the payroll database 29

The Wife Of Bath English Literature Essay

The Wife Of Bath English Literature Essaywriter Geoffrey Chaucer was born in 1342, when he was born is still unknown. Chaucer became a sawhorse and a member of the kings home. Chaucer ran m both errands all around Europe. With increased knowledge of society, it coat the way for The Canterbury Tales. Chaucer died in October 1400 and buried in Westminster Abbey. Chaucer was one of the first to have ga on that pointd in what is now known as the Poets Corner in Westminster Abbey. The Canterbury Tales were write sometime between 1387 and 1400. Coming from all walks of life It is a tale of a numerous of people traveling together, portrayed as pilgrims, to Canterbury. The Canterbury tales were incomplete as stock-still the completed tales were not revised. There is also no order to how the tales argon to be told. As the printing press had not been invented, The Canterbury Tales have been admit as hand scripted manuscripts.The Wife Of BathShe initiates her story by telling of her exper iences she has had in her life. The Wife of Bath begins her story by making it clear that she has forever followed the rules of experience. The wife could easily be classified as an expert (for lack of better words) because she has had five husbands consecutively, she surely has had enough experience to classify her as such. To her there is nothing out of the ordinary with having had five significant others and has a very hard time understanding Jesus rebuke to the woman at the well. In her own defense, the Wife refers to King Solomon, who himself had many wives, and as for the admonishment of St. Paul that it is better to be wed than to burn in sin. Sexual organs ar created for their normal functions and for the purposes of pleasure. And unlike many senile women, she has always been one to constantly have sex on her mindnaturally.She then goes on to tell of her onetime(prenominal) husbands and allows for how she was able to reign supreme when it came to each of them. Unfortunat ely, when she does thishe dies. She then goes on to tell of how she gained control over husband derive five.At the funeral of husband number 4, she carried a freshet of lust for a young man by the name of Jankyn, for which she had already had eyes on prior. They dated for a short period, she and Jankyn were married quickly as well, even considering the fact that she was much older than he. At the abrogate of the honeymoon, she was taken back when she found out that Jankyn spent a lot his time reading, specifically from a set that downed on women. One night in particular, from this collection, he began to read aloud, He was reading the story of Eve, he read about all that he could find, like unfaithful women, murderesses, prostitutes, and so on, the wife of bath was unable to tolerate these stories for long, before she became enraged, took the book and get through Jankyn with it. She hit him so hard that he fell from being unbalanced, and into the fire he went. As he hopped up a nd he lunged at her, she fell to the floor from the strength of his hit, when she hit the ground she acted as though she were dead. When jankyn leaned over her, to examine the damage, she hit him one more time and once again acted as though she were dead. Infuriated, he promised her anything if she scarcely would live, and this is how she was able to have control over husband number five. From that very moment until the day he passed away, she was the best possible wife she could be to him. Her story, restates her legal opinion that a successful marriage is one in which the wife is to have complete control.In King Arthurs court there was a handsome yet deceitful young knight, who comes to and rapes a beautiful young woman. People are very angered at the young knights actions and vowed for the justice of the young lady. The law states, is written and demands that the perpetrator has his head cut off. For their own reasons the queen herself and some other maidens of the court pleade d for permission to have control over the fate of the knight. Inevitably, the queen gives the knight one year to figure out what the average womans wildest desires are.The time passes very quickly. The knight comes back to the court already knowing that he is going to die, He then sees a group of young maidens mingling around. As he gets closer to them, the run in fear, the only one left is an old provoked woman, and she comes to him and is wondering what it is that he wants. The knight goes on to tell of his endeavors to her, and the woman guarantees him the exact response, he should give to the court, in return, he must do what she asks she saved his life. He obliges, and later, the queen asks him to respond, he comes forward with the right answer on that of what womens wildest desires are it beingtotal control over their husbands.Because the old woman ended up giving the knight the right answer, she insists that she be his lover and his friend. The knight, hesitantly, obliges. T he wedding night approaches, and he pretty much ignores his new wife, who is right next to him. He eventually lets her know that her age, as well as some of her other physical attributes disgust him. She reminds him simply that love is not pinpointed on how one looks but of sure and honest understanding. The old woman tells him that her looks can be seen as an only a physical assetperiod. Now if she were good looking, plenty of men would be by and by her with her existing state, just as she is, he can rest on the fact that he has an all-around good partner.The Wifes tale is quite interesting in the fact that it is lengthier than the actual story itself. The Wife of Bath uses the story to define knowledge about experience versus authority as well as igniting the points that she wishes to develop in her story What women really want is total control over their significant other. Due to the fact that she has had five husbands one right after the other, she feels as though when she t alks it is with authority from all of the experience. In the prologue, she tells how she gained control over them all.In the church, antifeminism was a large contributing factor. Women were portrayed as some like demons they were very sexual, greedy, clingy, and a nagging pain and they were looked down on by the spiritual church. Women were unable to participate in church functions by any means. Also multiple marriages were considered suspicious. The Wife of Bath carefully remembers the words of the lord as stated in his written scripture. With her knowledge of his word, it shows that she is not a purposeless human being. Furthermore, in Chaucers time, if you still had your virginity, you were highly thought of, especially when it comes to the church. Saints were glorified because they would rather be dead then to their lose virginity, or some suffered in earnest to keep their virginity later being considered as martyrs and at that point were blessed. After the Wife of Bath reser ves from the word of the lord, she appears to gain common sense petition if all were virgins, she questions, then who would give birth to more virgins? This allows for the sexual organs to be used for pleasure as well as for the birthing end of it She admits that she is full of life that enjoys sex and by no means is ashamed by it.The interesting part of story of the Wife of Bath is by far her argument on traditions or with the church, but the portrayal a living being. The wife is a woman of great emotion, and character. Preceding her five husbands and all of her hardships she has unluckily lost her looks and her young nature yet, still she still lives on. With ease, he now has the ability to thoroughly enjoy her life.All throughout the Wifes tale, values and headships, are taken back or dismissed. During the start of the tale, King Arthur bows down to the ruling of Guinevere .Alternatively the women, over the men, are judges and the knowledge of the books and the scriptures sig nifies a lot of experience. The knight, who was the rapist that jeopardized the purity of a young womans virginity, is saved by another woman, an old ugly woman at that. Lastly, the old woman gives the knight a choice, yet both choices are unbearable. When he allows her make the choice, he inevitably abandons his own freedom in courtesy of the womans power.Work CitedReynolds, George Fullmer. The Staging of Elizabethan Plays at the Red Bull dramaturgy 1605-1625. New York Modern Language Association, 1940. Print.Chaucer, Geoffrey. The Wife of Baths Tale. Canterbury Tales. The Norton Anthology of English Literature The Major Authors. Ed. Stephen Greenblatt. 8th ed. New York Norton, 2006. 226-234.http//www.cliffsnotes.com/study_guide/literature/canterbury-tales/geoffrey-chaucer-biography.html

The Unreliable Narrator in Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita Essay -- Nabokov

Distracted by his charm, his wit, his intelligence, and - yes - his murderers fancy prose style, we may momentarily forget that he is indeed the monster he says he is (Rivers and Nicol 153). In his On a Book Entitled Lolita, Vladimir Nabokov recalls that he felt the first little throb of Lolita run through him as he read a newspaper article about an ape who, after months of coaxing by a scientist, produced the first drawing ever charcoaled by an animal this sketch showed the prohibit of the poor creatures cage. The image of a confinement so complete that it dominates and shapes artistic expression (however limited that expression may be) is a moving and powerful one, and it does, indeed, speculate in the text of Lolita. Humbert Humbert, the novels eloquent poet-narrator, observes the world through the bars of his obsession, his nympholepsy, and this confinement deeply affects the quality of his level. In particular, his powerful sexual desires prevent him from understanding Lolita in any significant way, so that throughout the text what he describes is not the real Lolita, but an abstract creature, without depth or substance beyond the manifold set of symbols and allusions that he associates with her. When in his rare moments of exhaustion Humbert seems to lift this literary veil, he reveals for a moment the violent contrast between his intricately manipulated narration and the stark ugliness of a very different truth. In one of the most elaborately vivid scenes in the novel, Humbert excites himself to a sexual climax part Lolita sits, unaware, on his lap. Rejoicing in the unexpected and unnoticed fulfillment, he asserts that, Lolita has been safely solipsized (60)... ... 3-18. Bloom, Harold, ed. Vladimir Nabokovs Lolita. Modern Critical Interpretations. New York Chelsea House, 1987. Boyd, Brian. Vladimir Nabokov The American Years. Princeton Princeton University Press, 1991. Centerwall, Brandon S. Hiding in Plain plenti tude Nabokov and Pedophilia. Texas Studies in Literature and Language 32 (1990) 468-84. Nabokov, Vladimir. Lolita. New York Alfred A. Knopf, Inc., 1992. Rivers, J.E., Charles Nicol. Nabokovs Fifth Arc Nabokov and Others on his Lifes Work. Austin University of Texas Press, 1982.

The Human Eye in Space :: essays research papers

Human visual hardware is a result of a billion coursesof evolution within the earths automatic teller machine wherelight is scattered by molecules of air, moisture,particular matter etc. However as we ascend intoour atmosphere with decrease density, lightdistribution is changed resulting in our visualhardware receiving visual data in different format.Some Aspects to Consider 1. visual acuity is the tip to which the details and contours ofobjects are perceived. Visual acuity is usuallydefined in terms of minimum separable.Largevariety of factors influence this complexphenomenon which includes Optical factors-state of the propose forming mechanisms of the eye. Retinal factors such as the state of the cones. Stimulus factors such as illumination, brightness ofthe stimulus, contrast between the stimulus andbackground, length of time exposed to thestimulus. * tokenish separable shortest distanceby which deuce lines can be separated and still beperceived as two lines. "During t he day, the earthhas a preponderantly bluish cast..... I could detectindividual houses and streets in the low humidityand cloudless areas such as the Himalayamountain area.... I saw a steam clean locomotive by chew the fating the smoke first..... I also saw the wake of aboat on a large river in the Burma-India area...and a bright orange light from the British oilrefinery to the south of the city (Perth,Australia.)"The above observation was made by GordonCooper in Faith 7 1963 and which generatedmuch skepticism in the light of the thesis byMuckler and Narvan "Visual Surveillance andReconnaissance from space vehicles" in whichthey determined that a visual incline of ten minuteswas the operational minimum, and that theminimum resolvable object length M.R.O.L at analtitude of 113 miles would be 1730 ft. Thislimitation of acuity was revised the next year to 0.5seconds of arc for an extended contrasting lineand 15 seconds of arc for minimum separation oftwo points sharply co ntrasting with thebackground. Orbiting at 237 miles in the skylab itwas possible to see the entire east coast Canadato Florida Keys and resolve details of a 500 feetlong bridge based on inference. Of Interest is thefact that even though the mechanical eye camerasystems can resolve objects greater than fiftytimes better than the human eye, without thehuman ability to infer, interpretation of the data ismeaningless. Conclusion Visual acuity in spaceexceeds that of earth norm when objects withlinear extension such as roads, airfields, wake ofships etc. 2. Stereoscopic vision the perception oftwo images as one by means of fusing theimpressions on both retinas. In space one has todeal with a poverty of reference points.